Italy invaded Africa during World War II primarily to expand its imperial possessions on the continent. Benito Mussolini, Italy's Fascist dictator, harbored ambitions to enlarge Italy's colonial empire and solidify its influence across the Mediterranean and North Africa.
The specific invasion of Egypt occurred after Italy officially declared war on Britain and France on June 11, 1940. On September 13, 1940, Italian forces launched an offensive into Egypt from their existing colony of Libya. This military action was a direct attempt to seize British-controlled territory and further Italy's long-standing imperialistic goals.
Key Motivations Behind the Invasion
The decision to invade African territories was driven by several strategic and ideological factors central to Fascist Italy's foreign policy:
- Imperial Expansion: A fundamental aim of Mussolini's regime was to establish a "New Roman Empire," which necessitated the acquisition of new territories, particularly in Africa. This expansion was seen as a way to reclaim Italy's historical glory and assert its dominance.
- Strategic Control: Gaining control over North Africa was vital for Italy to secure key shipping lanes in the Mediterranean Sea, which were crucial for trade and military movements. Control of these areas also offered potential access to valuable resources.
- National Prestige and Power: Expanding the empire was perceived as a critical step in elevating Italy's international standing and establishing it as a significant global power on par with other major European colonial powers.
- Exploiting Allied Weakness: Mussolini aimed to capitalize on the preoccupation of Britain and France with the war in Europe, viewing it as an opportune moment to expand Italian territories while their resources were stretched.
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Who Invaded | Fascist Italy, led by dictator Benito Mussolini |
| When | September 13, 1940 (following Italy's declaration of war on June 11, 1940) |
| Where | Egypt (invading from the Italian colony of Libya) |
| Primary Reason | To expand Italy's imperial possessions and establish a "New Roman Empire" |
